credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. A small amount is used to add strength to special types of steel. It can also be used as an industrial catalyst and is increasingly being used to replace other catalysts considered to be too toxic and polluting. A ytterbium fiber laser was used to introduce evenly-spaced through holes, each with a diameter of 300 μm, to the cathode-side DM and MPL of a PEFC, covering approximately 15% of the total geometric surface area (Fig. First, minerals such as monazite or xenotime are dissolved into various acids, such as sulfuric acid. Like europium, samarium, and thulium, the trihalides of ytterbium can be reduced to the dihalides by hydrogen, zinc dust, or by the addition of metallic ytterbium. Beyond x-ray machines, ytterbium has a few other commercial uses. [37], Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Its metal could be used to help improve the grain. Scroll down to see examples of Ytterbium. Ytterbium-169 gives off gamma rays, similar to x-rays, so it may be used in portable x-ray machines. It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting. Ytterbium(III) fluoride. It can be alloyed with stainless steel to improve some of its mechanical properties and used as a doping agent in fiber optic cable where it can be used as an amplifier. Ytterbium metal behaves similarly to europium metal and the alkaline earth metals, dissolving in ammonia to form blue electride salts. 169Yb is also used in nuclear medicine.[34]. Log in here for access. Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. just create an account. [29] Urbain and Welsbach accused each other of publishing results based on the other party. Marignac suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element that he called "ytterbium".[10][24][26][27][28]. The most common geometry is a dual-core structure (see Fig. In the latter method, a buffered acidic solution of trivalent rare earths is treated with molten sodium-mercury alloy, which reduces and dissolves Yb3+. [16], Ytterbium is often the most common substitute in yttrium minerals. Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac isolated ytterbium from erbium in 1878. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. - Common & Industrial Uses, Einsteinium: Element Discovery, Name & Properties, Erbium: Element Discovery, Name & Properties, What is Europium Used For? What Is Neodymium Used for in Everyday Life? Part of the reason is that metallic ytterbium dust presents a fire hazard, evolving toxic fumes as it burns. The optical clock based on it is exact to 17 digits after the decimal point. Ytterbium dissolves slowly in water, but quickly in acids, liberating hydrogen gas. They are estimated to be of low to moderate toxicity. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. As ytterbium(III) oxide has a significantly higher emissivity in the infrared range than magnesium oxide, a higher radiant intensity is obtained with ytterbium-based payloads in comparison to those commonly based on magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV). - Element Facts & Characteristics, Biological and Biomedical [55] Metallic ytterbium dust can spontaneously combust,[56] and the resulting fumes are hazardous. - Definition & Factors of U.S. 1). | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Ytterbium has few uses. [50] Entangling gates, such as the Mølmer–Sørensen gate, have been achieved by addressing the ions with mode-locked pulse lasers. After some discussion, Marignac's name "ytterbium" was retained. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. Power levels have increased from the 1 kW regimes due to the advancements in components as well as the Yb-doped fibers. For example, ytterbium(III) chloride (YbCl3) is a Lewis acid and can be used as a catalyst in the Aldol[21] and Diels–Alder reactions. The metal is a fire and explosion hazard. Uses of Ytterbium. In 1787, Carl Axel Arrhenius was exploring the Ytterby mine when he discovered a black rock. - Uses, Facts & Properties, What is Praseodymium? Ytterbium is the most volatile rare-earth metal. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. [57], Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights, "Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised", "Ytterbium Trichloride-Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane", "Un nouvel élément, le lutécium, résultant du dédoublement de l'ytterbium de Marignac", "Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium – Erwiderung auf den Artikel des Herrn Auer v. Welsbach", "Die Zerlegung des Ytterbiums in seine Elemente", Ytterbium Atomic Clocks Set Record for Stability, "NIST ytterbium atomic clocks set record for stability", "Photonic Whispering-Gallery Resonations in New Environments", "Measuring photodarkening from single-mode ytterbium doped silica fibers", "Effect of Yb concentration on the resistivity and lifetime of CdTe:Ge:Yb codoped crystals", "Fiber for Fiber Lasers: Matching Active and Passive Fibers Improves Fiber Laser Performance", "Effect of the Alkali-Metal Cation on the Bonding Mode of 2,5-Dimethylpyrrole in Divalent Samarium and Ytterbium Complexes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium&oldid=991315639, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 12:20. Its atomic mass is 88.906 and is sometimes mistook for ytterbium. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal [54] All compounds of ytterbium are treated as highly toxic, although studies appear to indicate that the danger is minimal. What is Californium Used For in Everyday Life? The discovery of radioactivity introduced a new usage of uranium in science. Visit the Periodic Table of Elements Study Guide page to learn more. It is used as dopant to improve the grain refinement, strength and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. The properties and uses of the element, as well as compounds, are also discussed. This behavior is unusual for lanthanides, which almost exclusively form compounds with an oxidation state of +3. Ytterbium has a density of 6.973 g/cm3, which is significantly lower than those of the neighboring lanthanides, thulium (9.32 g/cm3) and lutetium (9.841 g/cm3). Fabrication of Low NA, Large Mode Area fibers enable achievement of near perfect beam qualities (M2<1.1) at power levels of 1.5 kW to greater than 2 kW at ~1064 nm in a broadband configuration. The kind of light produced by a laser depends on the elements used in making it. [9], Ytterbium was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in the year 1878. (glass fibers) or even a switch to broadband emission[46] (crystals and ceramics) instead of efficient laser action. The primary decay mode of ytterbium isotopes lighter than the most abundant stable isotope, 174Yb, is electron capture, and the primary decay mode for those heavier than 174Yb is beta decay. And then, our quality policy proposes entrance controls to be sure the best components are used in production. Ytterbium has the chemical symbol Yb and is found in the lanthanoid group, generally shown at the bottom of the periodic table. [14][15], Ytterbium is found with other rare earth elements in several rare minerals. It is a rare earth metal, which despite its name, does not mean that it is hard to find. Ytterbium is a silver metal with an atomic number of 70, meaning there are 70 protons in its nucleus. Its radioactive isotope 160 Yb is used as a source of radiation in portable x-ray imaging equipment [5]. ytterbium. Neoytterbia later became known as the element ytterbium, and lutecia became known as the element lutetium. F3Yb Like: What is Ytterbium used for? 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Ytterbium (Yb), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table. The model with one single ytterbium ion caught in an ion trap is highly accurate. [51], Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistivity when subjected to high stresses. [10] The price of ytterbium was relatively stable between 1953 and 1998 at about US$1,000/kg. Ytterbium is a soft, malleable and ductile chemical element that displays a bright silvery luster when pure. Create an account to start this course today. [7] The alpha allotrope (6.903 g/cm3) has a hexagonal crystalline structure and is stable at low temperatures. Uranium salts are the dye fixatives of wool or silk. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. Also Ytterbium is used in alloys and is added to stainless steel to improve grain refinement and strength. all factors of the fiber must be considered. It is therefore used in stress gauges to monitor ground deformations caused by earthquakes or underground explosions. Ytterbium lasers are highly efficient, have long lifetimes and can generate short pulses; ytterbium can also easily be incorporated into the material used to make the laser. Uranium is used in the wood and leather industry for dyes and stain, in photographic chemicals, and in making the filament of the stage-lighting bulbs. Ytterbium clocks hold the record for stability with ticks stable to within less than two parts in 1 quintillion (2×10−18). [23] Ytterbium(III) fluoride (YbF3) is used as an inert and non-toxic tooth filling as it continuously releases fluoride ions, which are good for dental health, and is also a good X-ray contrast agent. Two famous organic chemistry reactions, the name of a single color electride salts also can. Unlock this lesson to a custom Course and exams `` ticks '' trillion! 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